α = probability of aTypeIerror= P(TypeIerror) = probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true. β = probability of aType II error= P(Type II error) = probability of not rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false.
You can get a nonsignificant result when there is truly no effect present. This is correct — you don’t want to claim that a drug works if it really doesn’t. (See the upper-left corner of the outlined box in the figure.)
You can get a significant result when there truly is some effect present. This is correct — you do want to claim that a drug works when it really does. (See the lower-right corner of the outlined box in the figure.)
You can get a significant result when there’s truly no effect present. This is a Type I error— you’ve been tricked by random fluctuations that made a truly worthless drug appear to be effective. (See the lower-left corner of the outlined box in the figure.)
Your company will invest millions of dollars into the further development of a drug that will eventually be shown to be worthless. Statisticians use the Greek letter alpha to represent the probability of making a Type I error.
You can get a nonsignificant result when there truly is an effect present. This is a Type II error (see the upper-right corner of the outlined box in the figure) — you’ve failed to see that the drug really works, perhaps because the effect was obscured by the random noise in the data.
Further development will be halted, and the miracle drug of the century will be consigned to the scrap heap, along with the Nobel prize you’ll never get. Statisticians use the Greek letter beta to represent the probability of making a Type II error.
3.Players hit the shuttle back and forth to each other. What is this called?
a.Playing a point
b.Rallying
c.Pinging
d.Hitting
4.What is the score at the beginning of a game?
a.No score
b.0-0
c.Love
d.Love-all
5.What is the shot called that travels downward with great force?
a.Slam
b.Drive
c.Drop
d.Smash
6.Which stroke should barely clear the net and immediately fall into the opponent’s court?
a.Drop
b.Drive
c.Smash
d.Serve
7.Which stroke is hit high to the back of the opponent’s court?
a.Lob
b.Drive
c.Clear
d.Smash
8.How many points does the server get for winning a rally?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.5
9.In singles, Player A serves the shuttle over the net to Player B. It lands in the area between the net and short service line. What is the ruling?
a.Point for Player A
b.Second service for Player A
c.Point for Player B
d.Player B serves
10.What happens when the shuttle touches the net during play?
a.A let is called.
b.The point is replayed.
c.Play is continued.
d.The point is ended.
11.During play a shuttle hits the backline and bounce out of the court. What is the decision?
a.The shot is good because the lines are part of the court.
b.The shot is out because the lines are not part of the court.
c.The shot is out because it bounced out.
d.The point is replayed because it hit a line and bounced.
12.During a rally with Player B, Player A, the server, hits a shot that contacts his or her racquet twice before going over the net. What is the situation?
a.Point awarded to Player A
b.The Point is replayed.
c.Play continues.
d.Player B wins the rally.
13.What portion of the body provides most of the power in badminton strokes?
a.Shoulder
b.Wrist
c.Arm
d.Trunk
14.How can the proper forehand grip best be described?
a.It is the grip that feels the most natural.
b.It is tight and tense.
c.It is the same as gripping a hammer.
d.It is firm but relaxed.
15.How far apart should the feet be in the ready position?
a.About 6 inches
b.About shoulder width
c.More the shoulder width
d.About 3 feet
16.How can a player best position him- or herself for shots in the back of the court?
a.Turn and run
b.Pivot and slide
c.Run backward
d.Skip backward
17.How high are the most effective badminton shots contacted?
a.Above the player’s head
b.Above the top of the net
c.Level with the top of the net
d.Below the player’s waist
18.Why is weight transference important in badminton strokes?
a.It provides maximum power for the stroke.
b.It helps the placement of the shuttle.
c.It ensures proper footwork.
d.It helps the player relax.
19.What part of the hand gives the racquet support in hitting a backhand?
a.The index finger
b.The little finger
c.The palm
d.The ball of the thumb
20.How high should the shuttle be contacted on the overhead clear?
a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
21.What is the greatest difference in hitting the overhead clear and overhead drop shot?
a.Amount of backswing
b.Speed of the wrist snap
c.Amount of follow-through
d.Point of contact
22.The flight pattern of what stroke is shown in the diagram?
a.Smash
b.Short serve
c.Drop shot
d.Drive
23.What is the biggest difference in hitting a clear and a smash?
a.Amount of wrist snap
b.Angle of the racquet face
c.Amount of backswing
d.Speed of the forward swing
24.A player’s smash lacks velocity. What might be the problem?
a.The wrist is not cocked in the backswing.
b.The shuttle is being hit too early.
c.The shuttle is being hit too late.
d.The direction of the follow-through is too high.
25.A player is hitting a smash to flat. What is the most probable cause?
a.The backswing is too short.
b.The follow-through is too short.
c.The shuttle is hit too early
d.The shuttle is hit too late.
26.Which square in the diagram shows the correct location of the home base position for a single player?
a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
27.To what area of the court should a player generally try to avoid hitting a shot?
a.The front
b.The middle
c.The right
d.The left
28.What should a player to after hitting a shot?
a.Stand and watch to see if it goes in.
b.Return to the center of the court.
c.Rush the net.
d.Go to where the opponent will probably hit the return.
29.In singles, where should the shuttle be hit most frequently?
a.Directly at the opponent
b.Away from the opponent
c.To the front of the court
d.To the right side of the court
30.Which is the best strategy in playing singles?
a.Hit the shuttle upward whenever possible
b.Hit all clears to the center of the opponent’s court
c.Hit a high, deep clear when in doubt as to what to hit
What happens if the shuttle brushes the net in Badminton?
As you said, a “let” is played in tennis when the ball brushes the net slightly during a serve; if it lands in the service box, it is not a fault; but the serve must be replayed.
In badminton, a let will NOT be called by the umpire if the shuttlecock hits the net in the event of abadminton-service.
In such instances, there is a chance that the shuttlecock will or will not reach the service line of the receiver’s side of the court.
If the shuttle fails to land in the service boundaries, it is a fault for the server.
IF the shuttle brushes the net and lands IN the service boundaries, the game is played as usual. The receiver has to retrieve it.
It requires the use of people's foot and Jegi. Jegi looks like a badminton shuttlecock, which is made of a small coin (quarter size) and paper. In Korea, children usually play alone or with friends in winter seasons, especially on New Year's day.
Rules
Briefly explaining the rules, the player kicks a jegi up in the air and keeps on kicking to prevent from falling to the ground. In a one-to-one game, a player with the most number of consecutive kicks wins. In a group game, the players stand in a circle, and take turns kicking the Jegi. Players who fail to kick the Jegi upon receiving it and let it drop to the ground lose. As a penalty, the loser tosses the jegi at the winner so that he can kick it as he wishes. When the loser catches the jegi back with his hands, the penalty ends and he can rejoin the game. This has developed, and people combined two or three materials and made new ways of playing jegichagi. Though Jegichagi used to be a game mostly played in winter, it has become a year-round game.
Easy way to make Jegi
Things to prepare: plastic bags or wrapping tissue paper, 2~3 coins, string, scissors, and scotch tape.
1. Pile the coins and tape them together 2. Prepare the plastic bag by cutting into a square about ~25 cm wide 3. Place the coin at the middle of the plastic bag 4. Hold the coin inside the plastic bag and tie it using a string 5. Cut the untied part of the plastic bag into thinner strands(~1.5 cm) using scissors.
Rules and Kinds of Jegichagi
Basic Rule
Players kick the jegi (paper shuttlecock) into the air using instep of the foot. The winner of the game is the player who kicks jegi the most times without letting it fall.
Kinds of Jegichagi
According to Korean Jegichagiai Association, there are 6 kinds of single or multiplayer jegichagi game: Putting into the target, kicking jegi farther, putting in a basket, running while kicking, jegichagi with performance, and jegi volleyball.
1. Putting into the target: On a 1.6m diameter circle on the ground, draw four smaller circles 20 cm each like archery target. Keep distance from the target at least 5m. Within 30 seconds, the player kicks the jegi into the air at least 3 times, then hit the target with the jegi. From the center, the score is given 120, 90, 60, 30 and if the jegi is not hitting the target, 5 points is given. Players try 3 times with switching the foot each time, the winner is the one who scored the most.
2. Kicking far: Kick the jegi into the air 3 or more times within 30 seconds, then kick the jegi as far as the player can to the front. Repeating 3 times with switching the foot each time, the winner goes to the player with the most score in sum.
3. Putting in a basket: On a pillar with height of 150 cm, set a 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm basket. The player kicks the jegi into the air 3 or more times and then kick the jegi into the basket.
4. Running while kicking: 40m single or round trip can be played. For each 10m player runs, the player should switch his foot. If the player drops the jegi, he should go back to the last 10meter-line and continue playing.
5. Jegichagi with performance: In a 5m x 5m square on the ground, each player kicks the jegi with performance. At least 3 judges should watch and the score is given in average of them.
6. Jegi volleyball: 3 to 5 players make a team. Set a net with 120 cm height. Each team players should kick the jegi upon the net to the opposite side. For 3 players' game, the squre should be 5m by 5m, (7m x 7m for 5 players) The rule is very similar to common volleyball. When the player is in defence position, he can use any part of his/her body except hands. The first team who earn 7 points wins each set, and there are 5 rounds in a game.
Different Ways to Play Jegichagi
1. Hullangyi(헐랭이): Use of the inner side of the foot to kick 'jegi' while the other foot balances the body. The foot used to kick jegi should remain in air without touching the ground. 2. Ddangganghji(땅강아지): Similar to #1; however, the foot kicking jegi touches the ground each time before kicking again. 3. Left-right foot(우지좌지): Similar to #2, but both feet are used to kick Jegi alternatively with either the inner surface of both feet (or one inner and the other outer) 4. Appchagi(앞차기): Use of the top of the foot to kick jegi. 5. Ditbalchagi(뒷발차기): Use of the top lateral side of the foot to kick jegi. 6. Kigeegi(키지기): Each lift of Jegi must be higher than one's own height. 7. Mulgeegi(물지기): Continuously kicking jegi and catching it with your mouth.
How to Select Jegi and Practice
What is a good Jegi?
The most important factor of good Jegi is its weight. If it is too light, it is very hard to control Jegi since it falls to the ground before the next kick is ready. However, if it is too heavy, it is hard to kick the jegi high enough. Thus, a good Jegi should be the one of proper weight. (About 10g)
Practice using a tied Jegi.
Because it is difficult to do Jegichagi at a first try, it is very helpful to use a tied Jegi. Simply you tie one end of the string to a jegi and the other end to somewhere high enough to hold the jegi in the air. In this way, you can continue hitting it without having to pick up the jegi every time it falls to the ground. Although you fail to kick, the Jegi will always come back to the good position.
Practice while holding your pants.
Beginners have a habit of placing the arm towards the front while kicking Jegi with the thought that the arm helps balancing the body. However, it does not. Thus, if you are using the right foot to kick jegi, it is better for your right hand to hold the right side of your pants when doing Jegichagi.
The fact that Jegichagi uses muscles you rarely use stimulates the brain coordinated to those rarely used parts. Especially, the movement of right and left side of the body equally uses the right and left brain. Also, which side of the foot you use to kick jegi gives various health benefits to your body. When you use the inner part of your foot, it benefits your kidney, liver, and spleen. Further, when you use the outer part of foot, it benefits your bladder and stomach.
Jegichagi Today
In 2000, Korean Jegichagi Association was founded to make new rules in order to fit this traditional game well into today’s generation. Although Jegichagi is well known as many of other famous traditional games in Korea, the game is losing its popularity. In effort to keep traditional Jegichagi alive within children’s mind, the Board of Education in South Korea ordered Jegichagi as one of the required activities in physical education courses in school, usually 3rd or 4th grade.
In August 2011, an American company released a children's toy called Kikbo based on the Jegichagi.
